Modelling imperfections in unreinforced masonry structures: Discrete element simulations and scale model experiments of a pavilion vault

The structural assessment of doubly-curved vaulted masonry structures, such as pavilion vaults, poses challenges specific to their high degree indeterminacy. Two-dimensional equilibrium analysis methods may provide a lower bound load or displacement capacity, but they do not accurately describe the three-dimensional (3D) behaviour these particularly when shear deformation (e.g. sliding) is important. Therefore, discrete element modelling (DEM) methods, which can effectively simulate 3D re-distribution, have been used investigate support capacity and corresponding collapse mechanisms. DEM analyses are usually conducted on perfect digital geometries. Meanwhile, both real structures small-scale physical models implicit assembly fabrication imperfections, significantly alter response. present paper aims influence geometrical mechanical imperfections by comparing with results obtained from tests scale model. In particular, new method within framework proposed, parametric compared measured 3D-printed model (or cloister) vault spreading supports. due geometry deviations imprecision process, investigated. Based analyses, subjected horizontal supports described, variability demonstrated. A good agreement between achieved, in terms crack patterns Geometrical did change paths vault, expected, also influenced capacity.